What type of emissions does a catalytic converter primarily reduce?

A catalytic converter is an essential component in a vehicle's exhaust system, specifically designed to mitigate harmful emissions produced during the combustion process. Its primary function is to convert hazardous exhaust gases into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere. The primary emissions that a catalytic converter reduces include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides.

Hydrocarbons are unburnt or partially burnt fuel components that contribute to smog and air pollution. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas formed during combustion due to incomplete burning of fuel. Nitrogen oxides, formed at high temperatures from nitrogen in the air, contribute to smog formation and respiratory problems. The catalytic converter employs chemical reactions using precious metals (like platinum, palladium, and rhodium) to facilitate the conversion of these pollutants into less harmful emissions, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are relatively benign for the environment.

Understanding that the catalytic converter primarily targets these harmful gases clarifies its role in reducing vehicle emissions and highlights its importance in meeting environmental regulations and improving air quality.