In engine terminology, what does "tuning" refer to?

Tuning in engine terminology specifically refers to the process of adjusting the engine's components to enhance its overall performance and efficiency. This involves fine-tuning various parameters, such as the air-fuel mixture, ignition timing, and sometimes the throttle response, to achieve optimal power output, fuel economy, and emissions control. In essence, tuning ensures that the engine operates under the best possible conditions for its design, which may vary depending on various factors including intended use, environmental conditions, and modifications made to the engine.

Improving the engine’s performance can also lead to more responsive acceleration and better drivability. Tuning does not only involve physical changes to the engine itself but can also include recalibrating electronic control units (ECUs) that manage engine functions. This comprehensive approach makes tuning essential for maintaining optimal engine performance.